(Image source from: Canva.com)
Receiving a cancer diagnosis profoundly impacts one’s life, presenting not only emotional hurdles but also substantial physical hardships. Although physiotherapy does not directly prevent cancer from returning, it is instrumental in easing pain, alleviating fatigue, and improving the overall quality of life for those battling cancer. Dr. Navneet Singh, the Head Physiotherapist at the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), provides essential insights:
Cancer patients encounter distinct physical difficulties, making it imperative to have a tailored exercise regimen for their recovery. Dedicated oncology rehabilitation facilities are vital for effectively addressing the various side effects and complications that can arise from cancer treatments. A thoughtfully crafted physiotherapy plan supports patients in regaining mobility, strength, and functionality during and after their treatment journey. Cancer therapies often lead to a range of side effects, including neuropathy, cognitive difficulties, fatigue, stiffness, and pain, which can stem from the illness itself or from chemotherapy, radiation, or surgical procedures. Physiotherapy offers relief from these issues through several techniques:
Electrotherapy: Techniques such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), ultrasound, laser therapy, and Interferential Therapy (IFT) can effectively reduce pain.
Pain Management: Employing stretching and strengthening exercises, various electrotherapy methods, posture improvement, and at-home exercise plans can help alleviate and control pain.
Postural Awareness and Education: Teaching patients to maintain proper posture and movement patterns is essential for preventing pain and avoiding further strain.
Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT): This is employed for managing lymphedema, including methods like manual lymphatic drainage and pneumatic compression therapy, which work to decrease swelling from excess lymph fluid.
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): Implementing sensory-motor training, TENS therapy, and tactile stimulation can enhance nerve function.
Cognitive Rehabilitation (CRCI): Engaging in guided exercises, yoga, and cognitive activities can help address cognitive decline.
Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF): Customized physiotherapy strategies focus on energy conservation methods, allowing patients to engage in daily activities without experiencing overwhelming fatigue.
A comprehensive understanding of contraindications is essential within oncology physiotherapy. Certain electrotherapy techniques may not be appropriate for patients currently experiencing active cancer, particularly those with metastasis, as they could inadvertently promote unwanted cellular activity. It is crucial that patients pursue treatment with an onco-physiotherapist in a recognized oncology environment.
Targeted Physiotherapy for Various Cancer Types:
Breast Cancer: Rehabilitation following surgery is vital to prevent and manage lymphedema. Exercises aimed at improving shoulder mobility can help reduce stiffness, while specific interventions can address brachial plexopathy effectively.
Head and Neck Cancer: After surgery, physiotherapy facilitates movement in the neck and shoulders and offers methods for addressing trismus (difficulty opening the mouth) and dysphagia (challenges with swallowing).
Lung Cancer: Techniques focused on clearing the airways along with specific breathing exercises can enhance lung capacity and decrease instances of breathlessness.
Uro-Oncology, Gynecologic, and Gastro-Oncology: Physiotherapy aids in managing incontinence by reinforcing pelvic floor muscles through exercises, including Kegels.
Neurological Rehabilitation: Patients experiencing cancer-related neurological impairments may need sustained physiotherapy, lasting up to six months following surgery.
Pain Control and Energy Management: For patients with terminal cancer, physiotherapy is vital in ensuring they can perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) like bathing, dressing, and moving around. While it may not cure the illness, physiotherapy supports patients in maintaining their autonomy and dignity, enhancing their overall quality of life and sense of well-being.
Innovations in Cancer Physiotherapy:
Recent developments in physiotherapy have led to the creation of new approaches, such as:
Virtual Reality Rehabilitation: This technique, aimed at addressing cognitive challenges and neurological issues, employs engaging virtual reality exercises to create interactive therapy experiences for patients.
Lymphedema Specialty Clinics: These facilities provide detailed management of lymphedema through advanced treatment methods and educational resources for patients.
A carefully tailored physiotherapy program designed by an onco-physiotherapist guarantees effective and secure rehabilitation. Whether assisting with pain relief, supporting recovery after surgery, or improving daily functional abilities, physiotherapy is essential for cancer patients striving to restore their strength, mobility, and overall quality of life.
